Sridhar -
GIS can be used for a multitude of ways in the petrol industry.
First off: You can locate in-ground resources of petroleum based against the surface or subsurface material that are noramlly present in/around large or usable deposits. You can also locate active or abandoned wells, and map them in relation to other active or abandoned wells in a specific region. This will allow a company to establish a more effective scheduled maintenance route between all sites, distribution or storage points. One can identify the fastest routes between a resource and distribution or storage points, therby saving the company money on transportation. A GIS can also be used to identify your pipes, pumps, siwtches and valves. Each can be an icon on a GIS hard-product or digital view, and then linked to or related to other items. Here's an example,
Pipe Segment B.....3 inch diametre plastic material orientation: 08 and 188 degrees (NNE) beginning coordinate: (first lat/long ending coordinate: (second lat/long) installed: 9/1988 inspected: 9/1992, 1995, 1998 repaired: 1/1996 depth: -4.1 metres nearest pump: 4 km, 188 degrees nearest valve: .3 km, 188 degrees connecting pipes: Pipe Segment A Pipe Segment C
Now while all these are attribute of a specific length of pipe (Segment A) they are are realted to other items in a database. You can identify all the segments that have not been inspected, identify all segmetn with the same material (if you find a defect in one...), detemine flow rate through that segment, know where to dig for maintenance (saves LOTS of time wth on-site maintenance crews.) you can identify the closest road to a site, and the list goes on...For lots more on the industry, visit http://www.itpapers.com/cgi/SubcatIT.pl?scid=327, it covers from Coalbed Methane Trends to the Affects of e-Business on Refining & Petrochemical Plant Operations.
Good luck. Gene Stahl
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